Environment & Ecology

Consider the following plants : 1. Groundnut 2. Horse-gram 3. Soybean How many of the above belong to the pea family ?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : The Indian Flying Fox is placed under the “vermin” category in the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Statement-II : The Indian Flying Fox feeds on the blood of other animals. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

1. (a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. (b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. (c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

No answer is recorded for this question: cancelled by UPSC — marks awarded to all candidates

The organisms "Cicada, Froghopper and Pond skater" are :

1. (a)Birds
2. (b)Fish
3. (c)Insects
4. (d)Reptiles

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : Many chewing gums found in the market are considered a source of environmental pollution. Statement-II : Many chewing gums contain plastic as gum base. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

1. (a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. (b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. (c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Consider the following pairs : Country : Animal found in its natural habitat 1. Brazil : Indri 2. Indonesia : Elk 3. Madagascar : Bonobo How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched ?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following statements : 1. Lions do not have a particular breeding season. 2. Unlike most other big cats, cheetahs do not roar. 3. Unlike male lions, male leopards do not proclaim their territory by scent marking. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

1. (a)1 and 2 only
2. (b)2 and 3 only
3. (c)1 and 3 only
4. (d)1, 2 and 3

Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has coevolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree ?

1. (a)Fig
2. (b)Mahua
3. (c)Sandalwood
4. (d)Silk cotton

Consider the following : 1. Butterflies 2. Fish 3. Frogs How many of the above have poisonous species among them ?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following : 1. Cashew 2. Papaya 3. Red sanders How many of the above trees are actually native to India ?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which one of the following is the largest source of sulphur dioxide emissions ?

1. (a)Locomotives using fossil fuels
2. (b)Ships using fossil fuels
3. (c)Extraction of metals from ores
4. (d)Power plants using fossil fuels

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : The European Parliament approved The Net-Zero Industry Act recently. Statement-II : The European Union intends to achieve carbon neutrality by 2040 and therefore aims to develop all of its own clean technology by that time. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

1. (a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
2. (b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
3. (c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Consider the following trees : 1. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) 2. Mahua (Madhuca indica) 3. Teak (Tectona grandis) How many of the above are deciduous trees?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

With reference to India’s projects on connectivity, consider the following statements : 1. East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Dibrugarh and Surat. 2. Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar. 3. Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China. How many of the above statements are correct?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following statements : Statement–I : Marsupials are not naturally found in India. Statement–II : Marsupials can thrive only in montane grasslands with no predators. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is the correct explanation for Statement–I
2. (b)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is not the correct explanation for Statement–I
3. (c)Statement–I is correct but Statement–II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement–I is incorrect but Statement–II is correct

Consider the following fauna : 1. Lion-tailed Macaque 2. Malabar Civet 3. Sambar Deer How many of the above are generally nocturnal or most active after sunset?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following statements : 1. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperature above the boiling point of water. 2. Some microorganisms can grow in environments with temperature below the freezing point of water. 3. Some microorganisms can grow in highly acidic environment with a pH below 3. How many of the above statements are correct?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Which one of the following makes a tool with a stick to scrape insects from a hole in a tree or a log of wood?

1. (a)Fishing cat
2. (b)Orangutan
3. (c)Otter
4. (d)Sloth bear

Consider the following : 1. Aerosols 2. Foam agents 3. Fire retardants 4. Lubricants In the making of how many of the above are hydrofluorocarbons used?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)Only three
4. (d)All four

Consider the following statements : Statement-I : Carbon markets are likely to be one of the most widespread tools in the fight against climate change. Statement-II : Carbon markets transfer resources from the private sector to the State. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
2. (b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
3. (c)Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Consider the following statements : Once the Central Government notifies an area as a 'Community Reserve' 1. the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State becomes the governing authority of such forest 2. hunting is not allowed in such area 3. people of such area are allowed to collect non-timber forest produce 4. people of such area are allowed traditional agricultural practices How many of the above statements are correct?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)Only three
4. (d)All four

Consider the following statements regarding mercury pollution : 1. Gold mining activity is a source of mercury pollution in the world. 2. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury pollution. 3. There is no known safe level of exposure to mercury. How many of the above statements are correct?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

With reference to coal-based thermal power plants in India, consider the following statements : 1. None of them uses seawater. 2. None of them is set up in water-stressed district. 3. None of them is privately owned. How many of the above statements are correct?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following activities : 1. Spreading finely ground basalt rock on farmlands extensively 2. Increasing the alkalinity of oceans by adding lime 3. Capturing carbon dioxide released by various industries and pumping it into abandoned subterranean mines in the form of carbonated waters How many of the above activities are often considered and discussed for carbon capture and sequestration?

1. (a)Only one
2. (b)Only two
3. (c)All three
4. (d)None

Consider the following statements : Statement–I : According to the United Nations’ ‘World Water Development Report, 2022’, India extracts more than a quarter of the world’s groundwater withdrawal each year. Statement–II : India needs to extract more than a quarter of the world’s groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world’s population living in its territory. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

1. (a)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is the correct explanation for Statement–I
2. (b)Both Statement–I and Statement–II are correct and Statement–II is not the correct explanation for Statement–I
3. (c)Statement–I is correct but Statement–II is incorrect
4. (d)Statement–I is incorrect but Statement–II is correct

Consider the following statements : 1. In India, the Biodiversity Management Committees are key to the realization of the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol. 2. The Biodiversity Management Committees have important functions in determining access and benefit sharing, including the power to levy collection fees on the access of biological resources within its jurisdiction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. (a)1 only
2. (b)2 only
3. (c)Both 1 and 2
4. (d)Neither 1 nor 2